What are the best UVB lighting conditions for my guinea pig's cage?
Maintain a basking/warm side of 75°F (24°C) and a cool side of 65°F (18°C) with a humidity range of 40–60% and 12–14 hours of lighting per day.
Creating the Ideal Gradient
Guinea pigs require a gradient of temperatures within their cage to regulate their body heat. The basking/warm side should be around 75°F (24°C) to allow them to bask in the heat, while the cool side should be 65°F (18°C) to provide a cooler retreat. This temperature gradient is crucial for their health and well-being.
Guinea pigs are unable to regulate their body temperature internally like mammals with fur. They rely on external heat sources and the ability to move between warm and cool areas to maintain their body temperature. Providing a gradient allows them to self-regulate and adapt to their environment.
- Basking/warm side: 75°F (24°C)
- Cool side: 65°F (18°C)
- Humidity range: 40–60%
Controlling the Variables
To maintain the correct temperature gradient, use a heat source like a heat lamp or a heating pad on a thermostat. Ensure the heat source is placed on one side of the cage, and provide a cool side by placing a water bottle or a cold tile on the opposite side.
Humidity can be controlled by using a substrate that retains moisture, such as aspen shavings, and ensuring good ventilation. Measure humidity at the animal's level, not at the top of the cage, to get an accurate reading.
Use a UVB light to provide the necessary ultraviolet radiation for vitamin D3 synthesis, which is crucial for bone health. Position the UVB light so it reaches the basking/warm side of the cage, ensuring the guinea pigs can bask under it for 10–15 minutes per day.
- Use a thermostat-controlled heat source
- Provide a cool side with a water bottle or cold tile
- Maintain humidity at 40–60%
- Measure humidity at the animal's level
- Use a UVB light for 10–15 minutes per day
Observable Signs of Imbalance
If the temperature is too high, guinea pigs may overheat, leading to panting, salivation, and a lack of appetite. Conversely, if it's too cold, they may huddle together, shiver, and have a decreased appetite.
Humidity levels that are too low can lead to respiratory issues, while too high humidity can cause skin and respiratory problems. Signs of humidity issues include sneezing, discharge from the eyes or nose, and fur that looks matted or damp.
UVB light deficiency can result in bone deformities, weakened immune systems, and poor fur quality. Look for signs such as soft bones, increased susceptibility to infections, and dull, dry fur.
- Overheating: Panting, salivation, lack of appetite
- Underheating: Huddling, shivering, decreased appetite
- Low humidity: Respiratory issues
- High humidity: Skin and respiratory problems
- UVB deficiency: Soft bones, weakened immune system, dull fur
Keep reading about Guinea Pig: Guinea Pig care sheet
Related questions
How often should I check the temperature in my guinea pig's cage?
Check the temperature at least twice a day, especially during the cooler months.
What type of UVB light should I use for my guinea pig?
Use a UVB light with a wavelength of 5%–7% and ensure it provides full-spectrum light.
How long should my guinea pig be exposed to UVB light?
Guinea pigs should be exposed to UVB light for 10–15 minutes per day.
Not veterinary advice. This guide covers husbandry — housing, feeding, cleaning and handling. If your guinea pig is injured, off food unusually long, or behaving abnormally, contact a veterinarian.